hydrocarbon discoveries amounting

The Chinese “nine-dash line” claims extend into Indonesian waters, which threatens vital fisheries and potential offshore hydrocarbon discoveries amounting to 1.3 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Indonesia reacted to the EEZ threat by increasing its 2025 defense spending to IDR 180 trillion, which translates to USD 12 billion and represents a 15 percent increase in real terms over 2024 for acquiring maritime domain awareness assets. The country spends less than 1.3 percent of its GDP on defense, which positions it lower than the ASEAN average of 1.5 percent and reveals a persistent gap in capabilities against more well-equipped regional forces. สล็อต